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regadenoson Before discovery of their histone demethylase fu
2022-03-31
Before discovery of their histone demethylase function, the JARID1 isoforms were identified across diverse fields including stem cell biology and congenital disease, as detailed in Box 2. Their observed roles in cancer progression and therapy resistance have led to ongoing pursuit of inhibitors tail
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insulin signaling The HIF complex was initially identified a
2022-03-31
The HIF complex was initially identified as an important component of the cell machinery involved in the response and insulin signaling to hypoxia (Semenza, 2001). Further studies have shown that HIF can also modulate whole-body energy homeostasis by controlling hypothalamic neurons (Varela et al.,
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Most studies of HIF have focused on its transcriptional acti
2022-03-31
Most studies of HIF-1α have focused on its transcriptional activity-dependent functions. However, our results indicate that the oxidative stress-related effects of mtHIF-1α occur independently of its translocation to the nucleus and do not require its transcriptional activity. In fact, several studi
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diluting solutions Given the major differences between the m
2022-03-31
Given the major differences between the molecular regulation of the genes encoding HO-1 (HMOX1) in mice and humans, it is not appropriate to utilize mouse models for mechanistic analyses of human HMOX1[35]. In addition, it has been reported that drugs, such as statins, as well as stressors and the r
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Background Chronic hepatitis C virus HCV infection
2022-03-31
Background Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health concern, with 71 million people infected worldwide [1]. Treatment options have improved with the availability of interferon-free direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies with cure in >95% of people [2]. However, broadening
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br Intracellular trafficking with concurrent signaling of NP
2022-03-31
Intracellular trafficking with concurrent signaling of NPRA Our recent studies have shown internalization and concurrent signaling of NPRA in subcellular compartments; this had not been previously demonstrated [26,42]. Preparation of the enhanced GFP (eGFP)-tagged NPRA (eGFP-NPRA) construct has g
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Glutathione transferases GST have been discovered in many
2022-03-31
Glutathione transferases (GST) have been discovered in many tissues including the cornea of humans and several other mammals (Awasthi et al., 1980, Bilgihan et al., 2003; Gondhowiardjo and van Haeringen, 1993; Saneto et al., 1982, Sastry et al., 1995, Singh et al., 1985, Watkins et al., 1991). To da
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br Introduction Inflammatory bowel diseases IBDs including C
2022-03-31
Introduction Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (Baumgart and Sandborn, 2012; Beaugerie et al., 2006) are typically characterized by chronic, progressive, and relapsing inflammation of the intestine. Although the exact pathogenesis of IBD is unknow
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br Since viral infections result in polarization of na ve
2022-03-31
Since viral infections result in polarization of naïve CD4 T cells into both Th1 and Tfh subsets (although to variable degrees depending on the nature of the pathogen), a lot of effort has been devolved to the question of whether type I IFNs play a role in CD4+ T cell polarization. In vitro studie
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Glutamate is a ubiquitous principal excitatory neurotransmit
2022-03-31
Glutamate is a ubiquitous principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the Cytidine 5-triphosphate that plays a central role in a variety of brain functions (Delgado, 2013, Hawkins, 2009). Several studies reported that CSF glutamate was associated with mental illness, including major depressive disorder
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br Introduction Depression is a prevalent and disabling
2022-03-31
Introduction Depression is a prevalent and disabling psychiatric illness that affects millions of individuals worldwide, resulting in enormous personal suffering and public health costs [1]. Traditional antidepressants such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and selective serotonin reuptake
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The second experiment investigated the
2022-03-30
The second experiment investigated the possible neuronal mechanism underlying the effect of acupuncture. The baseline level of methamphetamine consumption in each group was similar, as in the first experiment (Fig. 2A). Acupuncture at HT7 also significantly inhibited the methamphetamine self-adminis
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Analysis of published albumin X ray structures had suggested
2022-03-30
Analysis of published albumin X-ray structures had suggested that an allosteric link may exist, but could not establish whether Zn2+ prevented FFA binding or vice versa. This question was answered through competition experiments monitored by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC; Fig. 3) for BSA [55
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The typical pharmacophore for GPR agonists contains four
2022-03-30
The typical pharmacophore for GPR40 agonists contains four parts: head (acid moiety), central (phenyl ring), linker and tail (aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring) [20]. On the other hand, the chemical features that are required for the PPARγ agonists include hydrogen bond donors and acceptors
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5'-Iodoresiniferatoxin The co crystal structure of GPR c
2022-03-30
The co-crystal structure of GPR40 complexed with TAK-875 provided precise structural information for the rational design of novel GPR40 agonists. The key interactions between the carboxylate with the residues Arg183, Arg258, Tyr91 and Tyr240 of GPR40 were observed. And Trp174ECL2 was oriented nearly
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