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There is a considerable molecular genetic heterogeneity with
2020-04-30
There is a considerable molecular genetic heterogeneity within ES/PNET. As mentioned above, either or can rearrange with in these gene fusions. Furthermore, for either gene fusion, additional heterogeneity stems from the location of the genomic breakpoints of the translocation, resulting in diffe
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Epac proteins consist of a carboxyl terminal
2020-04-30
Epac proteins consist of a carboxyl-terminal catalytic region and an amino-terminal regulatory region, which harbors one cAMP-binding domain in Epac1 and two in Epac2 [22], [32], [51]. In the absence of cAMP, the regulatory region covers the CDC25-homology domain and autoinhibits Epac\'s enzymatic a
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The action of pt PGE
2020-04-30
The action of 17-pt-PGE2 as an EP1 receptor agonist [34] was demonstrated in several experimental settings, including cancer, neurons, vascular system, kidney and was confirmed by application of EP1 receptor selective antagonists [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41]. Receptor binding studies in
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The liposomes as a FDA
2020-04-30
The liposomes, as a FDA-approved drug delivery carrier, have been widely utilized for drug delivery [32], [33], [34]. Liposomes are defined as self-assembled vesicles, which are composed of one or multiple concentric lipid bilayers and enclose an aqueous core. The advantages of utilizing liposomes a
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br Experimental Procedures br Author
2020-04-30
Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments Introduction Germinal centers (GCs) form in secondary lymphoid organs of vertebrates in response to challenge with T-cell-dependent antigens. After extrafollicular and follicular interactions with cognate antigen and T helper c
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br A brief introduction to DUBs The
2020-04-30
A brief introduction to DUBs The reversal of ubiquitin conjugation of targeted proteins relies on deubiquitinating apoptosis inducer (DUBs), which catalytically cleave single Ub or poly-ubiquitin chains from proteins. The human genome encodes approximately 100 potential DUBs which can be classif
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Functionally all members of the IL family have
2020-04-30
Functionally, all members of the IL-12 family have been annotated along major inflammatory signaling axes but their roles have often weighed on opposing sides of the immunological balance. For instance, IL-12 and IL-23 are classified as pro-inflammatory cytokines [10] as opposed to the rather protec
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Acknowledgments We acknowledge the Danish Council for Indepe
2020-04-29
Acknowledgments We acknowledge the Danish Council for Independent Research (Grant no. 11-105250) and the Carlsberg Foundation (Grant no. 2011-01-0567) for funding this work. Introduction DNA is vital as a biological target to design diagnostic agents as well as therapeutic drugs. The recognitio
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Introduction Mycobacterium leprae the causative agent of lep
2020-04-29
Introduction Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, affects skin, peripheral nerves and upper respiratory tract [1]. Although leprosy has been eradicated from most of the countries, it still affects approximately a quarter of a million people from India [2]. Details of many bacteriol
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br Discussion Our data demonstrate
2020-04-29
Discussion Our data demonstrate that the bicyclam AMD3100 strongly interacts with CXCR-4, whereas DS and AR177, two other compounds that also interfere with virus entry into the Benzoylmesaconitine mg (and interfere with virus binding), do not. AMD3100 is a unique compound in that it interferes w
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Several lines of evidence suggest that
2020-04-29
Several lines of evidence suggest that the anxiety provoking behavioral effects of CRF involve CRF1 receptors. CRF1 knockout mice show increased anxiolytic-like activity in the elevated plus maze and a tendency to enter the illuminated region of a light–dark box [49], [52]. In addition, studies usin
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Estrogen treatment in postmenopausal women requires combinat
2020-04-29
Estrogen treatment in postmenopausal women requires combination with a progestogen in order to prevent endometrial stimulation. This is not necessary, however, with tibolone as progestogenic activity is associated with its Δ4-metabolite that is formed in the liver, as well as locally in the endometr
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In the frontal cortex the present study found a relationship
2020-04-29
In the frontal cortex, the present study found a relationship between working memory performance and activated Erk2 expression for the E2-only group, where animals that tended to perform better on the WMC measure tended to have higher activated Erk2 expression. This suggests that there is a unique r
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In a recent report Yoshihara and colleagues used transcripto
2020-04-29
In a recent report, Yoshihara and colleagues (2016) used transcriptomes derived from freshly isolated islets of 2-week-old neonatal, 6-week-old young adult, or 12-week-old adult mice to interrogate how maturation is regulated to acquire glucose responsiveness. The authors observed that estrogen-rela
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br Materials and methods br Results br
2020-04-29
Materials and methods Results Discussion Cisplatin, as one member of a class of platinum-containing anti-cancer drugs, which displays a great deal of clinical activity on a wide variety of solid tumors. In addition, cisplatin often used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs to treat
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