• br The interrelationship between obesity and galanin Numerou

  2022-08-10

  

  The interrelationship between obesity and galanin Numerous studies revealed that obesity and galanin may promote each other. On the one hand, galanin may increase the possibility of obesity of subjects via boosting their appetite and food intake. Acute injection with galanin or its agonist, galan

• Irpex lacteus was well known

  2022-08-10

  

  Irpex lacteus was well known as an edible and medicinal mushroom. It had been reported that I. lacteus could produce a thermostable α-galactosidase [17]. The reported α-galactosidase from I. lacteus, however, seemed to be unsuitable for the practical application due to its poor hydrolysis ability to

• GLP is released in response to

  2022-08-10

  

  GLP-1 is released in response to ingestion of nutrients including carbohydrates, protein, and fat. Recent studies aimed at identifying the receptors involved in nutrient stimulated GLP-1 secretion have identified free fatty BMS265246 receptor 4 (FFA4/GPR120) as a potential 7TM receptor involved in

• br Ferroptosis modulators With the

  2022-08-10

  

  Ferroptosis modulators With the recognition that the small molecule erastin targets system xc- and thereby specifically triggers this form of death and that ferrostatin-1 prevents erastin-induced ferroptosis [2], it has become evident that ferroptosis is a druggable pathway with a number of tract

• br Methods br Acknowledgements We are

  2022-08-09

  

  Methods Acknowledgements We are grateful to Eric Olson for providing Yap/Taz floxed mice, and to members of the Epstein lab for helpful comments and advice. This work was supported by NIH R01 HL118768, R35 HL140018, the Cotswold Foundation and the WW Smith Endowed Chair to J.A.E. The Hippo

• The concentration of rapamycin that gave half maximal

  2022-08-09

  

  The concentration of rapamycin that gave half-maximal induction of the expression of HO-1 and Prx-1 mRNA in normal hepatocytes was 0.05 μM, with maximal induction at about 0.1 μM rapamycin. While, at rapamycin concentrations higher than 0.1 μM, the degree of enzyme induction decreased, elevated expr

• br Activation of soluble guanylate cyclase The

  2022-08-09

  

  Activation of soluble guanylate cyclase The molecular steps involved in sGC activation have evolved significantly over the last several years. The key studies are outlined below, but here we provide an overall summary. The activation mechanism of sGC was initially proposed to be relatively simple

• The frequency of GSTM and GSTT null genotypes

  2022-08-09

  

  The frequency of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes vary in different populations. For example, Hiragi et al. (2007) reported a frequency of 17–35% for the GSTM1 null genotype and 22–44% for the GSTT1 null genotype in Brazilians of African descent (Hiragi et al., 2007). Chen, Liu, and Relling (1996) rep

• Evaluating the plausibility of this selective scenario is ch

  2022-08-09

  

  Evaluating the plausibility of this selective scenario is challenging because of the uncertainties concerning the biological role of calpain-10 and the significance of its variants with regard to gene function and disease susceptibility. However, from a strictly evolutionary standpoint, our findings

• Continuing studies of endocannabinoid ligands

  2022-08-09

  

  Continuing studies of endocannabinoid ligands at GPR55 reveal that virodhamine (O-arachidonylethanolamine) and AEA can act as a partial agonists at GPR55; at high micromolar concentrations can inhibit β-arrestin recruitment (Sharir et al., 2012). It is likely that there are allosteric as well as ort

• Conjugated BAs via S PR

  2022-08-09

  

  Conjugated BAs via S1PR2 also activate ERK1/2- and AKT-signaling pathways leading to the growth and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cells. The role of conjugated BAs via S1PR2 to regulate apoptosis or cancer progression remains to be dissected. Nevertheless, there is no doubt that the composition of

• The differential tissue and ligand dependent signaling descr

  2022-08-09

  

  The differential tissue- and ligand-dependent signaling described here has important implications for the therapeutic potential of synthetic GPR109A agonists for the treatment of atherosclerosis. The failure of MK-0354, a biased, partial GPR109A agonist, to activate signaling pathways upstream of va

• br Acknowledgements We thank the support

  2022-08-09

  

  Acknowledgements We thank the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) project 81501342 and support from the Disciplinary Group of Oncology and Immunology program of Xinxiang Medical University. Introduction First described as a new clinical entity in 1981, the Acqui

• Recent studies suggested that non coding RNAs participate

  2022-08-09

  

  Recent studies suggested that non-coding RNAs participate in the modulation of Glut1 expression. For instance, the lncRNA NBR2-Glut1 axis was suggested to modulate cancer cell sensitivity to phenformin [37]. In renal carcinoma, miR-1291 is involved in the regulation of Glut1 bcl-2 family [38]. Ther

• br Vertebrate steroid receptor evolution br Conclusion The t

  2022-08-09

  

  Vertebrate steroid receptor evolution Conclusion The teleost WGD event resulted in the duplication of the vertebrate GR and MR and two GRs have been retained in the majority of teleost fish studied so far. The molecular basis for this retention has yet to be fully understood. The cloning of th

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