• In untreated rodent or human hepatocytes PXR or CAR

  2020-11-06

  

  In untreated rodent or human hepatocytes, PXR or CAR is stabilized by cytoplasmic co-chaperone partners like heat shock protein 90 (HSP90, Fig. 1). Upon ligand binding, the nuclear receptors are freed and translocated into the nucleus, identified as a pivotal step in PXR- or CAR-mediated transactiva

• In some pancreatic and non pancreatic tissues

  2020-11-06

  

  In some pancreatic and non-pancreatic tissues, the chloride and calcium channels are heavily regulated by phosphorylation by protein kinases, such as PKC, cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), PKCaMKII, PI3K and protein tyrosine kinases [7,36,37]. Since the interaction of triterpenes with recep

• When a hour delay period was implemented for the

  2020-11-06

  

  When a 6-hour delay resiquimod was implemented for the WRAM, neither of the E2-treated groups (E2-only and E2 + Levo) differed in WMC errors between the postdelay trials and the baseline trials. This suggests that exogenous E2 treatment protected from a delay-induced impairment in performance on wo

• EphB and ephrinB mRNA levels were determined

  2020-11-06

  

  EphB4 and ephrinB2 mRNA levels were determined from three parts taken from each tumor, and each sample was analyzed in triplicate. The differences in the histoscores and mRNA levels of EphB4 and ephrinB2 were analyzed by Student\'s t test. The correlation coefficients were evaluated both by linear r

• Multiple technologies exist for analyzing the contents of si

  2020-11-06

  

  Multiple technologies exist for analyzing the contents of single cells, including single-cell DNA sequencing, RNA expression analysis, and protein level and activity measurements (Hu et al., 2018; Narrandes & Xu, 2018; Ortega et al., 2017; Wang & Navin, 2015). Single-cell DNA sequencing is generally

• In mammals neutrophil elastase is a trypsin like

  2020-11-06

  

  In mammals, neutrophil elastase is a trypsin-like serine protease stored in the azurophilic granules of naïve neutrophils [15], [16]. The catalytic activity of neutrophil elastase relies on a His57–Asp102–Ser195 triad (chymotrypsin numbering system) that functions by transfer of electrons from the c

• A factor that complicates the use of human liver

  2020-11-06

  

  A factor that complicates the use of human liver PD123319 is one of variability, which arises in part because many of the human liver samples available for research show various stages of a variety of disease states (steatosis (fatty liver), cirrhosis, carcinogenesis in adjacent tissue), although c

• These studies established IAP proteins as

  2020-11-06

  

  These studies established IAP proteins as dimeric RING E3 ligases, but did not account for the essential role of dimerization. In IAPs and related E3s, such as RNF4 and MDM2, dimerization not only depends on contacts from the core RING domain but also residues N- and C-terminal to the RING domain (B

• Against this backdrop we set out to identify synthetic

  2020-11-06

  

  Against this backdrop, we set out to identify synthetic and endogenous ligands that bind directly to and regulate the activity of Nurr1. Owing to the pivotal role Nurr1 plays in producing and processing dopamine, and the need for neurons to tightly regulate dopamine levels, we postulated that the re

• The Lysine mutant is located in the tail region of

  2020-11-06

  

  The Lysine429 mutant is located in the tail region of 5-HT2A, which is predicted to be unstructured. This region has been shown to interact, in vitro, with PSD95 and leads to differences in signaling (Xia et al., 2003). The ASK motif, a component of the tail region, is also important for regulation

• br Enzymes involved in microbial steroid degradation are gen

  2020-11-06

  

  Enzymes involved in microbial steroid degradation are generally not expressed constitutively, but they are upregulated depending on which steroid substrates are present [17,81]. Thus, a cell-free extract prepared from testosterone-adapted C. testosteroni ATCC 11996 cells displayed a 1(2)-dehydroge

• There have been reports regarding the use of

  2020-11-05

  

  There have been reports regarding the use of enolases as novel vaccine candidates for A. suum, S. suis, T. pisiformis and T. multiceps on account of this enzyme class\'s critical role in plasminogen activation and migration across tissue barriers (Chen et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2009; Zhang et al.,

• We propose two different pathways for

  2020-11-05

  

  We propose two different pathways for the production of this species: either that described by Dooley [24], where the phenol ring is first activated by binding of its oxygen to copper, or one where a copper-peroxo species would directly react with an active site tyrosine residue (Scheme 1B). This se

• br Results br Discussion br Experimental Procedures br Autho

  2020-11-05

  

  Results Discussion Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments Introduction Excitatory synaptic transmission within the brain is largely mediated by ionotropic glutamate receptors. At glutamatergic synapses, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionic Matrine

• In summary we show that

  2020-11-05

  

  In summary, we show that PE significantly ameliorate HCD-induced atherosclerosis in apoE−/− mice. Dietary fiber may influence the intestinal microbiota and thus the circulating levels of SCFAs. SCFAs, such as butyrate, inhibit cholesterol uptake and promote cholesterol excretion from enterocytes. Ou

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